Adversarial machine learning defenses have primarily been focused on mitigating static, white-box attacks.However, it remains an open Speedometer question whether such defenses are robust under an adaptive black-box adversary.In this paper, we specifically focus on the black-box threat model and make the following contributions: First we develop an
Sarcasm is a mode of expression whereby individuals communicate their positive or negative sentiments through words contrary to their intent.This communication style is prevalent in news headlines and social media platforms, making it increasingly challenging for individuals to detect sarcasm accurately.To mitigate this challenge, developing an int
Recently, integrated energy systems have become a new type of energy supply model.It is clear that integrated energy systems can improve energy efficiency and reduce costs.However, the use of a battery energy storage system (BESS) as a backup power source will affect the operating costs of a regional integrated energy system (RIES) in different sit
We introduce the simultaneous optimisation of water-use efficiency and nitrogen-use efficiency of canopy photosynthesis.As a vehicle for this idea we consider the optimal leaf area for a plant in which there is no self-shading among leaves.An emergent result is that canopy assimilation over a day is a scaled sum of daily water use and of photosynth